barw Judi Clinical Journal 3105-4102 2026 09 15 Dyshormonogenetic Goiter: A Case Series 10.70955/JCJ.2026.10 eng Abdulwahid Salih Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq; Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. 0009-0006-5546-5878 Ari Abdullah Department of Pathology, Sulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital, Zanko Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Aso Qadir Department of Medicine, Shar Teaching Hospital, Malik Mahmood Ring Road, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Abdullah Qadir Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Shko Hassan Zad Organization, Judi Tower, Saeed Kaban Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Shalaw Nasraldeen Department of General Surgery, Sulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Saeed Ali Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Muhammad Ali Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Mohammed Ahmed Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Osama Ali Department of General Surgery, Sulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Abdullah Hassan Department of General Surgery, Sulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Mohammed Rifaat Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Smart Health Tower, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq Daroo Kareem Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Hawzhan Abdalla Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Sarkrda Jamal Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Madam Mitterrand Street, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. 2026 07 25 Introduction: Dyshormonogenetic goiter (DG) is a rare inherited cause of congenital hypothyroidism. Although DG is intrinsically benign, chronic thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulation has been implicated as a potential tumorigenic factor. This study is a single-center experience of the clinicopathological characteristics of DG. Methods: The hospital registry database was filtered from February 2020 to December 2025 for cases of DG. The extracted data included clinical presentation, biochemical tests, imaging findings, diagnostic approaches, management, and outcomes. Only cases with clinicopathological findings consistent with DG were included. Results: The cohort included 15 patients (10 females, 5 males) with a median age of 17 years, ranging from 12-42 years. The disease was detected incidentally in 40.0% of cases (6/15). In total, 60.0% (9/15) had a history of congenital hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism. Ultrasonography demonstrated multinodular goiter in 93.3% (14/15), with high-risk features (TI-RADS 4 or 5) identified in 26.7% (4/15). Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed in 4 patients, yielding Bethesda IV results in 3 cases and Bethesda II in 1 case. Histopathological examination revealed malignant neoplastic transformation in 20.0% (3/15) of cases, comprising two cases of follicular thyroid carcinomas (13.3%) and one papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (6.7%). On follow-up, all patients, except one, were euthyroid on levothyroxine. Conclusion: Dyshormonogenetic goiter may closely mimic thyroid malignancy, and malignant transformation is also possible, which may support a role for chronic TSH stimulation as a tumorigenic stimulus, but larger multicenter studies with genetic characterization and longer follow-up are needed to define the true malignant potential of this entity.